Hierarchical power control system

ABSTRACT

A hierarchical power control system associated with a cloud server includes a first microgrid cell, a second microgrid cell, a third microgrid cell, a middleware server, and an integrated control system. The first microgrid cell includes a first energy storage system (ESS) having an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) structure and a first load having a power state managed by the first energy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell includes a second load and a second energy storage system (ESS) for managing a power state of the second load. The third microgrid cell includes a third load. The middleware server communicates with the first to third microgrid cells. The integrated control system receives power supply-demand state information of the first to third microgrid cells through the middleware server, and establishes an integrated operation schedule based on the received power supply-demand state information of the first to third microgrid cells.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(a), this application claims the benefit ofearlier filing date and right of priority to Korean Application No.10-2017-0055314 filed on Apr. 28, 2017, in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a hierarchical power control system.

2. Description of the Related Art

An energy storage system is a system that stores produced power inassociated systems including a power plant, a substation, a power line,etc. and increases energy efficiency by selectively and efficientlyusing the produced power when power is needed.

When the energy storage system may increase an overall load rate bystandardizing electric loads largely variable over time and season, theenergy storage system may reduce a unit cost of power generation, mayreduce investment costs and operating costs needed to build powerfacilities, resulting in reduction of electric charges and total energy.

The energy storage system has been installed and used in powergeneration, power transmission and distribution, and customers (houses)for use in power systems, and has been used for frequency regulation,generator power stabilization using new renewable energy, peak shaving,load leveling, emergency power, etc.

The energy storage system is largely classified into a physical energystorage system and a chemical energy storage system according to theenergy storage scheme. For physical energy storage, various methods ofusing compressed air storage, a flywheel, etc. may be used. For chemicalenergy storage, various methods of using lithium (Li)-ion battery, alead battery, a sodium-sulfur (NaS) battery, etc. may be used.

However, the energy storage system has failed to integrated-managedirectly managed regions (e.g., a microgrid unit) or power conditions ofbuildings in association with neighbor regions or the building powerconditions. Specifically, since there is a difference in peak controltime between neighbor regions or buildings, different power generationprojects are needed to control power supply-demand states of therespective regions or buildings.

In order to address the above-mentioned issues, demand for systems forintegrated-controlling power supply-demand states of neighbor microgridunit regions is rapidly increasing.

SUMMARY

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a hierarchicalpower control system for establishing an optimum integrated operationschedule based on a power supply-demand state of at least one microgridcell.

Objects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-describedobjects and other objects and advantages can be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art from the following descriptions. Further, it will beeasily appreciated that the objects and advantages of the presentdisclosure can be practiced by means recited in the appended claims anda combination thereof.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a hierarchicalpower control system associated with a cloud server includes: a firstmicrogrid cell configured to include a first energy storage system (ESS)having an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) structure and a first loadhaving a power state managed by the first energy storage system (ESS); asecond microgrid cell configured to include a second load and a secondenergy storage system (ESS) for managing a power state of the secondload; a third microgrid cell including a third load; a middleware serverconfigured to communicate with the first to third microgrid cells; andan integrated control system configured to receive power supply-demandstate information of the first to third microgrid cells through themiddleware server, and establish an integrated operation schedule basedon the received power supply-demand state information of the first tothird microgrid cells.

The first microgrid cell may further include a first sensor fordetecting a power state of the first load. The second microgrid cell mayfurther include a second sensor for detecting a power state of thesecond load. The third microgrid cell may further include a third sensorfor detecting a power state of the third load. The first to thirdsensors may respectively detect the power states of the first to thirdloads, and may transmit the detected power states to the cloud server.

The cloud server may receive at least one of climate data and powerassociated data from an external part, may synthetically analyze notonly the power states of the first to third loads, received from thefirst to third sensors, but also at least one of the climate data andpower associated data received from the external part, may supply theanalyzed result to the middleware server.

The middleware server may supply the received analyzed result to theintegrated control system. The integrated control system may estimaterespective operation schedules of the first to third microgrid cellsbased on the analyzed result received from the middleware server.

The cloud server may supply the power states of the first to thirdloads, received from the first to third sensors, to the middlewareserver. The middleware server may supply the power states of the firstto third loads, received from the cloud server, to the integratedcontrol system. The integrated control system may compare the powerstates of the first to third loads, received from the middleware server,with the integrated operation schedule, and may coordinate theintegrated operation schedule based on the result of comparison.

The first microgrid cell may further include an emergency generator, abuilding associated power system having a first distributed powersystem, and a first energy management system (EMS) for controlling theemergency generator, the building associated power system, and the firstenergy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell may furtherinclude not only a second distributed power system driven associatedwith the second energy storage system (ESS), but also a second energymanagement system (EMS) for controlling the second energy storage system(ESS) and the second distributed power system.

The building associated power system may further include: a buildingenergy management system (BEMS), a panel board configured to communicatewith the building energy management system (BEMS), a building automationsystem (BAS) configured to communicate with the building energymanagement system (BEMS), a cooling/heating system connected to thebuilding automation system (BAS), a first distributed power systemconnected to the building automation system (BAS), and a third energystorage system (ESS) connected to the building automation system (BAS).The building energy management system (BEMS) may reduce a peak load bycontrolling at least one of the cooling/heating system, the firstdistributed power system, and the third energy storage system (ESS)through the building automation system (BAS).

The integrated control system may receive the power supply-demand stateinformation through the middleware server. The power supply-demand stateinformation may receive first power supply-demand state informationreceived from the first energy management system (EMS) and second powersupply-demand state information received from the second energymanagement system (EMS). The first power supply-demand state informationmay include at least one of power amount information producible in thefirst microgrid cell, necessary power amount information of the firstmicrogrid cell, and operation schedule information of the first energystorage system (ESS). The second power supply-demand state informationmay include at least one of power amount information producible in thesecond microgrid cell, necessary power amount information of the secondmicrogrid cell, and operation schedule information of the second energystorage system (ESS).

The integrated control system may supply the integrated operationschedule to the first and second energy management systems (EMS s)through the middleware server. The first energy management system (EMS)may coordinate a power supply-demand schedule of the first microgridcell based on the integrated operation schedule received through themiddleware server. The second energy management system (EMS) maycoordinate a power supply-demand schedule of the second microgrid cellbased on the integrated operation schedule received through themiddleware server.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, ahierarchical power control system associated with a cloud serverincludes a first microgrid cell, a second microgrid cell, a thirdmicrogrid cell, and a middleware server. The first microgrid cellincludes an emergency generator by which connection to a grid is openedor closed through a closed transition transfer switch (CTTS), a firstenergy storage system (ESS) driven associated with the emergencygenerator, and a first load having a power state managed by the firstenergy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell includes a secondload and a second energy storage system (ESS) for managing a power stateof the second load. The third microgrid cell includes a third load. Themiddleware server communicates with the first to third microgrid cells.The integrated control system receives power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells through the middlewareserver, and establishes an integrated operation schedule based on thereceived power supply-demand state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells.

The first microgrid cell may further include not only a buildingassociated power system having a first distributed power system, butalso a first energy management system (EMS) for controlling theemergency generator, the building associated power system, and the firstenergy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell may furtherinclude not only a second distributed power system driven associatedwith the second energy storage system (ESS), but also a second energymanagement system (EMS) for controlling the second energy storage system(ESS) and the second distributed power system.

The integrated control system may receive the power supply-demand stateinformation through the middleware server. The power supply-demand stateinformation may receive first power supply-demand state informationreceived from the first energy management system (EMS) and second powersupply-demand state information received from the second energymanagement system (EMS). The first power supply-demand state informationmay include at least one of power amount information producible in thefirst microgrid cell, necessary power amount information of the firstmicrogrid cell, and operation schedule information of the first energystorage system (ESS). The second power supply-demand state informationmay include at least one of power amount information producible in thesecond microgrid cell, necessary power amount information of the secondmicrogrid cell, and operation schedule information of the second energystorage system (ESS).

The integrated control system may supply the integrated operationschedule to the first and second energy management systems (EMSs)through the middleware server. The first energy management system (EMS)may coordinate a power supply-demand schedule of the first microgridcell based on the integrated operation schedule received through themiddleware server. The second energy management system (EMS) maycoordinate a power supply-demand schedule of the second microgrid cellbased on the integrated operation schedule received through themiddleware server.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, ahierarchical power control system associated with a cloud serverincludes a first microgrid cell, a second microgrid cell, a thirdmicrogrid cell, and an integrated control system. The first microgridcell may include a first energy storage system (ESS) having anuninterruptible power supply (UPS) structure and a first load having apower state managed by the first energy storage system (ESS). The secondmicrogrid cell may include a second load and a second energy storagesystem (ESS) for managing a power state of the second load.

The third microgrid cell may include a third load. The integratedcontrol system may receive power supply-demand state information of thefirst to third microgrid cells from the first to third microgrid cells,and may establish an integrated operation schedule based on the receivedpower supply-demand state information of the first to third microgridcells.

The first microgrid cell may further include an emergency generator, abuilding associated power system having a first distributed powersystem, and a first energy management system (EMS) for controlling theemergency generator, the building associated power system, and the firstenergy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell may furtherinclude not only a second distributed power system driven associatedwith the second energy storage system (ESS), but also a second energymanagement system (EMS) for controlling the second energy storage system(ESS) and the second distributed power system.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, ahierarchical power control system associated with a cloud serverincludes a first microgrid cell, a second microgrid cell, a thirdmicrogrid cell, and a middleware server. The first microgrid cellincludes an emergency generator by which connection to a grid is openedor closed through a closed transition transfer switch (CTTS), a firstenergy storage system (ESS) driven associated with the emergencygenerator, and a first load having a power state managed by the firstenergy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell includes a secondload and a second energy storage system (ESS) for managing a power stateof the second load. The third microgrid cell includes a third load. Themiddleware server communicates with the first to third microgrid cells.The integrated control system receives power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells through the middlewareserver, and establishes an integrated operation schedule based on thereceived power supply-demand state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, ahierarchical power control system associated with a cloud serverincludes a first microgrid cell, a second microgrid cell, a thirdmicrogrid cell, and an integrated control system. The first microgridcell may include an emergency generator by which connection to a grid isopened or closed through a closed transition transfer switch (CTTS), afirst energy storage system (ESS) driven associated with the emergencygenerator, and a first load having a power state managed by the firstenergy storage system (ESS). The second microgrid cell may include asecond load and a second energy storage system (ESS) for managing apower state of the second load. The third microgrid cell may include athird load. The integrated control system may receive powersupply-demand state information of the first to third microgrid cellsfrom the first to third microgrid cells, and may establish an integratedoperation schedule based on the received power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a hierarchical power controlsystem according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating first to third microgridcells shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the first microgrid cellshown in FIG. 2.

FIGS. 4 to 11 are schematic diagrams illustrating examples of a methodfor independently operating the first microgrid cell shown in FIG. 3during power interruption (i.e., power outage) of the grid.

FIGS. 12 to 21 are schematic diagrams illustrating other examples of amethod for independently operating the first microgrid cell shown inFIG. 3 during power interruption of the grid.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling optimumpower generation of the hierarchical power control system shown in FIG.1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The above objects, features and advantages will become apparent from thedetailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.Embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilledin the art in the art to easily practice the technical idea of thepresent disclosure. Detailed descriptions of well known functions orconfigurations may be omitted in order not to unnecessarily obscure thegist of the present disclosure. Hereinafter, embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be described in detail with reference to theaccompanying drawings. Throughout the drawings, like reference numeralsrefer to like elements.

A hierarchical power control system according to the embodiments of thepresent disclosure will hereinafter be described with reference to FIGS.1 to 3.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a hierarchical power controlsystem according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is aschematic diagram illustrating first to third microgrid cells shown inFIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the first microgridcell shown in FIG. 2.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the hierarchical power control system 1according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include anintegrated control system 100, a middleware server 200, a firstmicrogrid cell 300, a second microgrid cell 400, and a third microgridcell 500.

For reference, although the hierarchical power control system 1 of FIG.1 may further include a cloud server 600, one example in which thehierarchical power control system 1 does not include the cloud server600 will hereinafter be described for convenience of description andbetter understanding of the present disclosure.

Although not shown in the drawings, the hierarchical power controlsystem 1 shown in FIG. 1 may further include a grid as necessary. Inthis case, although the grid is present in each of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells (300, 400, 500), only one grid commonly applied to thefirst to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) may also be present asnecessary.

For example, the grid may include a power plant, a substation, a powerline, etc.

The integrated control system 100 may receive power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500)through the middleware server 200, and may establish the integratedoperation schedule based on the power supply-demand state information ofthe first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500). The integratedcontrol system 100 may supply the established integrated operationschedule to the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) throughthe middleware server 200, and may control power supply of the first tothird microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) to be coordinated based on theintegrated operation schedule.

In more detail, the integrated control system 100 may be designed to belargely classified into an integrated monitoring and control functionand an optimum power generation and control function.

For example, the integrated monitoring and control function may includea monitoring function, a control function, a reporting function, analarm function, a calculation function, a database (DB) managementfunction, a trend function, and a screen display function.

The monitoring function may include a status/failure monitoring andinstrumentation function of the first to third microgrid cells (300,400, 500). The control function may include operation/stop/schedulingand optimum operation control functions of facilities included in thefirst to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500).

The reporting function may include a function for supplyinginstrumentation information for each period and manipulation/repairrecords for each period for the first to third microgrid cells, and thealarm function may include an alarm recognition processing and storagefunction.

The calculation function may include a function for supplying acalculation/function function to data (e.g., a power factor) to becalculated. The DB management function may include a data interfacefunction through a time database (DB) API (Application ProgrammingInterface).

The trend function may include a function for monitoring change in data.The screen display function may include a function for displayingmonitoring, event, alarm, authority, etc. on the screen (for example, ascreen of the integrated control system 100 or a screen of a mobileterminal 800 interacting with the cloud server 600).

Meanwhile, the optimum power generation and control function mayinclude, for example, a load estimation function, a solar powergeneration estimation function, an optimum power generation planningfunction, an economical power supplying function, an automatic powergeneration control function, a provisional settlement function, a loadblocking function, and an islanding algorithm function.

In this case, the load estimation function may include not only a designfunction based on an ensemble multi-model combination algorithm toacquire the result using various estimation algorithms, but also afunction for acquiring history data of load included in the grid andstoring the acquired history data in an Oracle DB.

The solar power generation estimation function may construct a patternof the probability of rainfall based on rainfall information receivedfrom an external part 700 (e.g., the Korea MeteorologicalAdministration) through the cloud server 600, such that the solar powergeneration estimation function may include a function for estimating theamount of power generation using the K-mean Clustering algorithm, and afunction for designing the algorithm by discriminating betweenestimation associated with the Korea Meteorological Administration andother estimations associated with the Korea MeteorologicalAdministration.

The optimum power generation planning function may include a functionfor establishing the optimum power generation plans of the first tothird microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) in consideration of the powersupply states of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500). Adetailed description thereof will hereinafter be described in detail.

The economical power supplying function may include a function fordeciding the output of a thermal/electric energy source associated withan energy source driven by the result of the optimum power generationplanning, and acquiring the result per microgrid cell.

The automatic power generation control function may include a functionfor following objectives of a grid association mode (associated streammaintenance) and an independent operation mode (frequency maintenance).

The provisional settlement function may include a function forcalculating electric charges based on electrical usage history data.

The load blocking function may include a function for blocking loadaccording to priority information when a load measurement value ishigher than a reference value.

The islanding algorithm function may include a function for searchingfor an electricity interchange and load blocking method during theindependent operation.

The integrated control system 100 may receive various kinds ofinformation from the middleware server 200, and may integrated-controlthe power supply states of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400,500) based on the received information. A detailed description thereofwill hereinafter be described in detail.

The middleware server 200 may communicate with the first to thirdmicrogrid cells (300, 400, 500).

For reference, the middleware server 200 may not exist separately, andmay be included in the integrated control system 100. In this case, theintegrated control system 100 may also directly communicate with thefirst to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) or the cloud server 600as necessary.

However, for convenience of description and better understanding of thepresent disclosure, the embodiment of the present disclosure willexemplarily describe the middleware server 200 that exists separatelyfrom the integrated control system 100.

In more detail, the middleware server 200 may supply realtime powerstatus information respectively received from the first, second, andthird microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) to the integrated control system100, and may supply a control command or signal (e.g., an integratedoperation schedule) received from the integrated control system 100 tothe first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500).

In addition, the middleware server 200 may also receive the analysisresult from the cloud server 600.

For reference, the cloud server 600 may receive at least one of climatedata and power associated data from the external part 700 (e.g., theKorea Meteorological Administration or the Korean Electric PowerCorporation (KEPCO)), and may receive power states of first to thirdloads (350, 450, 550) from first to third sensors (320, 420, 520).

The cloud server 600 may synthesize power states of the first to thirdloads (350, 450, 550) received from first to third sensors (320, 420,520) and at least one of climate data and power associated data receivedfrom the external part, may analyze the synthesized result, and maysupply the analyzed result to the middleware server 200.

That is, the middleware server 200 may supply the analysis resultreceived from the cloud server 600 and the realtime power stateinformation respectively received from the first, second, and thirdmicrogrid cells (300, 400, 500) to the integrated control system.

As a result, the integrated control system 100 may integrated-controlthe power supply states of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400,500) based on the analysis result received from the middleware server200 and the realtime power state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells (300, 400, 500).

Therefore, although the integrated control system 100 does not receivepower supply state information of the respective microgrid cells from afirst energy management system (EMS) 300 included in the first microgridcell 300 or a second EMS 410 included in the second microgrid cell 400,the integrated control system 100 may estimate the respective operationschedules of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) based onthe analysis result received from the middleware server 200 or therealtime power state information of the first to third microgrid cells(300, 400, 500).

Of course, the integrated control system 100 may coordinate or estimatethe integrated operation schedule of at least two of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells (300, 400, 500) based on the analysis result receivedfrom the middleware server 200 or the realtime power state informationof the first to third microcells (300, 400, 500).

The cloud server 600 may supply the power states of the first to thirdloads (350, 450, 550) to the middleware server 200. The middlewareserver 200 may supply the power states of the first to third loads (350,450, 550) received from the cloud server 600 to the integrated controlsystem 100.

Accordingly, the integrated control system 100 may compare the powerstates of the first to third loads (350, 450, 550) received from themiddleware server 200 with the integrated operation schedule, and maycoordinate the integrated operation schedule based on the result ofcomparison. The cloud server 600 may transmit the power associatedinformation of the mobile terminal 800 by interacting with the mobileterminal 800, and may allow the user to recognize, in real time, thepower states of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500)through the mobile terminal 800.

The first microgrid cell 300 may include not only the first energystorage system (ESS) 360 having an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)structure, but also the first load 350, the power state of which ismanaged by the first energy storage system (ESS) 360.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the first microgrid cell 300 may include thefirst EMS 310, the first sensor 320, an emergency generator 330, thefirst ESS 360, a building associated power system 390, and the firstload 350.

For reference, the first microgrid cell 300 may not include theemergency generator 330 as necessary. In this case, during powerinterruption or power recovery of the grid, the first ESS 360 having theUPS structure may supply power to the first load 350 withoutinterruption.

However, for convenience of description and better understanding of thepresent disclosure, the present disclosure will exemplarily disclose thefirst microgrid cell 300 equipped with the emergency generator 330.

The first EMS 310 may control the emergency generator 330 and the firstESS 360.

In more detail, the first EMS 310 may manage all the constituentelements included in the first microgrid cell 300. That is, the firstEMS 310 may manage the first sensor 320, the emergency generator 330,the first ESS 360, the building associated power system 390, and thefirst load 350 included in the first microgrid cell 300.

In addition, the first EMS 310 may communicate with the middlewareserver 200, may transmit power associated data (e.g., first powersupply-demand state information) of the first microgrid cell 300 to themiddleware server 200, or may receive a control signal or command of theintegrated control system 100 from the middleware server 200.

In this case, the first power supply-demand state information mayinclude, for example, at least one of power amount informationproducible in the first microgrid cell 300, necessary power amountinformation of the first microgrid cell 300, and operation scheduleinformation of the first ESS 360.

For reference, the first EMS 310 may generate maintenance information ofa battery 366 based on battery associated data received from a powermanagement system (PMS) 362, and may also supply the generatedmaintenance information of the battery 366 to a battery managementsystem (BMS) 368 managing the battery 366 through the PMS 362.

The first sensor 320 may detect a power state of the first load 350.

In more detail, the first sensor 320 may be an IoT sensor having acommunication function. The first sensor 320 may detect the power state(e.g., occurrence or non-occurrence of power insufficiency, occurrenceor non-occurrence of excessive power, etc.) of the first load 350, andmay supply the detected information to the cloud server 600.

The emergency generator 330 may be driven by the first EMS 310 duringpower interruption of the grid.

In more detail, the emergency generator 330 may be, for example, adiesel generator. The emergency generator 330 may operate by interactingwith the first ESS 360. During power interruption of the grid, theemergency generator 330 may control the uninterruptible independentoperation of the first microgrid cell 300 to be maintained for aspecific time (e.g., 4 hours).

For reference, a conventional diesel generator is used as the emergencygenerator 330 and a low-capacity ESS is used as the first ESS 360,resulting in reduction of initial investment costs. In addition, throughthe emergency generator 330, the first microgrid cell 300 may be drivenfor a long period of time or may be driven in an unlimited independentoperation mode, such that reliability of power supply-demand can beguaranteed and the first microgrid cell 300 can be driven in anindependent planned operation mode, resulting in guaranteed economicefficiency caused by reduced peak load.

The first ESS 360 may have the UPS structure, and may be designed tooperate in an uninterrupted independent operation in preparation forunexpected accidents such as power interruption of the grid, such thatthe first ESS 360 may implement reliable power supply.

In more detail, during power interruption or power recovery of the gridbased on the UPS structure, the first ESS 360 may supply power to thefirst load 350 without interruption, and may manage the power state ofthe first load 350.

In this case, the first ESS 360 may include the PMS 362, a PCS(PowerConversion System) 364, the battery 366, and the BMS 368.

The PCS 364 may store power generated by a distributed power system (notshown) (e.g., a new renewable energy system such as a solar orwind-power energy system) in the battery 366, or may transfer thegenerated power to the grid or the first load 350. The PCS 364 maytransmit power stored in the battery 366 to the grid or the first load350. The PCS 364 may also store power supplied from the grid in thebattery 366.

The PCS 364 may control charging or discharging of the battery 366 basedon a State of Charge (SOC) level of the battery 366.

For reference, the PCS 364 may make a schedule of the operation of thefirst ESS 360 based on power rates of the power market, power generationplanning of the distributed power system, the amount of powergeneration, and a power demand of the grid, etc.

The battery 366 may be charged or discharged by the PCS 364.

In more detail, the battery 366 may receive power from at least one ofthe distributed power system and the grid, may store the received powertherein, and may supply the stored power to at least one of the grid andthe first load 350. The battery 366 may be comprised of at least onebattery cell, and each battery cell may include a plurality of barecells.

The BMS 368 may monitor the state of the battery 366, and may controlthe charging and discharging operation of the battery. The BMS 368 maymonitor battery 366's state including the SOC level indicating the SOCof the battery 366, and may supply the monitored battery 366's SOCinformation (e.g., voltage, current, temperature, the residual poweramount, lifespan, SOC, etc. of the battery 366) to the PCS 364.

The BMS 368 may perform the protection operation for protecting thebattery 366. For example, the BMS 368 may perform at least one ofvarious functions of the battery 366, for example, an overchargeprotection function, an overdischarge protection function, anovercurrent protection function, an overvoltage protection function, anoverheating protection function, and a cell balancing function of thebattery 366.

The BMS 368 may regulate the SOC level of the battery 366.

In more detail, the BMS 368 may receive a control signal from the PCS364, and may regulate the SOC level of the battery 366 based on thereceived control signal.

The PMS 362 may control the PCS 364 based on the battery (366)associated data received from the BMS 368.

In more detail, the PMS 362 may monitor the SOC of the battery 366, andmay monitor the state of the PCS 364. That is, the PMS 362 may controlthe PCS 364 based on the battery(366) associated data received from theBMS 368.

The PMS 362 may collect the battery(366) associated data by monitoringthe SOC of the battery 366 through the BMS 368, and may supply thebattery associated data to the first EMS 310.

The building associated power system 390 may include a building energymanagement system (BEMS) 392, a panel board 398, a building automationsystem (BAS) 393, a cooling/heating system 394, a first distributedpower system 395, and a third ESS 396.

In more detail, the BEMS 392 may reduce a peak load by controlling atleast one of the cooling/heating system 394, the first distributed powersystem 395, and the third ESS 396 through the BAS 393, and may alsocontrol the panel board 398.

The panel board 398 and the BAS 393 may be controlled by communicatingwith the BEMS 392. The cooling/heating system 394, the first distributedpower system 395, and the third ESS 396 may be controlled by the BEMS392 by connecting to the BAS 393.

The building associated power system 390 may be optimally controlled forpower saving, resulting in reduction of energy costs and peak load.

The power state of the first load 350 may be managed by the first ESS360. For example, the first load 350 may include homes, large buildings,factories, etc.

In more detail, power supply and demand of the first load 350 may bemanaged by at least one of the first ESS 360, the emergency generator330, and the building associated power system 360. The first load 350may be connected to the first sensor 320.

For reference, the first load 350 may be significant loads (e.g.,laboratory building, hospital, etc.) for which uninterruptiblehigh-quality power supply is needed.

Therefore, when the power interchange task or the integrated operationschedule of the integrated control system 100 is established, priority(i.e., importance ranking) of the first load 350 may be higher thanpriority (i.e., importance ranking) of each of the second load 450 andthe third load 550.

The second microgrid cell 400 may include the second load 450 and thesecond ESS 460 for managing the power state of the second load 450.

In more detail, the second microgrid cell 400 may include the second EMS410, the second sensor 420, the second load 450, and the second ESS 460.

For reference, although not shown in the drawings, the second microgridcell 400 may further include the second distributed power system (notshown) (e.g., a new renewable energy system such as a solar orwind-power energy system) that is driven associated with the second ESS460.

The second EMS 410 may control the second ESS 460 and the seconddistributed power system.

In more detail, the second EMS 410 may manage all the constituentelements included in the second microgrid cell 400. That is, the secondEMS 410 may manage the second sensor 320, the second load 450, thesecond ESS 460, and the second distributed power system included in thesecond microgrid cell 300.

In addition, the second EMS 410 may communicate with the middlewareserver 200, may transmit power associated data (e.g., second powersupply-demand state information) of the second microgrid cell 400 to themiddleware server 200, or may receive a control signal or command of theintegrated control system 100 from the middleware server 200.

In this case, the second power supply-demand state information mayinclude, for example, at least one of power amount informationproducible in the second microgrid cell 400, necessary power amountinformation of the second microgrid cell 400, and operation scheduleinformation of the second ESS 460.

The second sensor 420 may detect the power state of the second load 450.

In more detail, the second sensor 420 may be an IoT sensor having acommunication function. The second sensor 420 may detect the power state(e.g., occurrence or non-occurrence of power insufficiency, occurrenceor non-occurrence of excessive power, etc.) of the second load 450, andmay supply the detected information to the cloud server 600.

The power state of the second load 450 may be managed by the second ESS460. For example, the second load 450 may include homes, largebuildings, factories, etc.

In more detail, power supply and demand of the second load 450 may bemanaged by the second ESS 460. The second load 450 may be connected tothe second sensor 420.

For reference, the second load 450 may be a general load (e.g., aclassroom building, a dormitory, etc.), energy efficiency of which isneeded in association with the second distributed power system.

The second load 450 may include at least one of the loads 450 a to 450 chaving different priorities.

Therefore, during peak control, a high-priority load from among loadsincluded in the second load 450 may receive power, and a low-priorityload may not receive power.

That is, whereas the high-priority load (e.g., 450 a) from among loadsincluded in the second load 450 can continuously receive power duringpeak control, the low-priority load (e.g., 450 b or 450 c) may notreceive power during peak control.

In brief, when an event such as peak control occurs in the secondmicrogrid cell 400, loads to be selectively driven based oncharacteristics or priority may be included in the second microgrid cell400.

The second ESS 460 may manage the power state of the second load 450,and may perform peak control.

The second ESS 460 includes the PMS, the battery, the BMS, and the PCSin the same manner as in the first ESS 360, and as such a detaileddescription thereof will herein be omitted for convenience ofdescription.

The third microgrid cell 500 may include the third load 550.

In more detail, the third microgrid cell 500 may include the thirdsensor 520 and the third load 550.

For reference, differently from the second microgrid cell 400, the EMS,the ESS, or the distributed power system may not exist in the thirdmicrogrid cell 500. Therefore, the power supply-demand state informationof the third microgrid cell 500 may be applied to the middleware server200 after passing through the cloud server 600 through the third sensor520.

Of course, the third sensor 520 of the third microgrid cell 500communicates with the middleware server 200, such that the third sensor520 may directly transmit the power state of the third load 550 to themiddleware server 200 as necessary.

The third sensor 520 may detect the power state of the third load 550.

In more detail, the third sensor 520 may be an IoT sensor having acommunication function. The third sensor 520 may detect the power state(e.g., occurrence or non-occurrence of power insufficiency, occurrenceor non-occurrence of excessive power, etc.) of the third load 550, andmay supply the detected information to the cloud server 600.

The third load 550 may include, for example, homes, large buildings,factories, etc.

In more detail, the third load 550 may be connected to the third sensor520.

For reference, the second load 450 may be a general load unrelated tothe distributed power system, and may aim to provide an energy savingservice based on the analysis result obtained through the third sensor520. In detail, the energy saving service based on the analysis resultobtained through the third sensor 520 may allow the user torealtime-recognize the power state of the third load 550 through themobile terminal 800 communicating with the cloud server 600 bytransmitting the power state information of the third load 550 to thecloud server 600.

A method for independently operating the first microgrid cell shown inFIG. 3 during power interruption of the grid will hereinafter bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 4 to 11.

FIGS. 4 to 11 are schematic diagrams illustrating examples of a methodfor independently operating the first microgrid cell shown in FIG. 3during power interruption (i.e., power outage) of the grid.

For reference, for convenience of description and better understandingof the present disclosure, some constituent elements not shown in FIG. 3may be added to the first microgrid cell 300 of FIGS. 4 to 11, or someconstituent elements shown in FIG. 3 will herein be omitted from thefirst microgrid cell 300 shown in FIGS. 4 to 11.

Referring to FIGS. 3 to 6, during power interruption of the grid G, astatic transfer switch (STS) may detect power interruption of the grid(G) so as to sever connection to the grid G, the first ESS 360 mayswitch from a constant-power mode to a Constant Voltage

Constant Frequency (CVCF) mode, and may thus independently supply powerto the first load 350.

In more detail, the STS 324 may open or close connection between thegrid G and the first ESS 360 or may open or close connection between thegrid G and the first load 350.

For example, the STS 324 may detect power interruption of the grid Gwithin a given time of 4 ms during power interruption of the grid G,such that the STS 324 may sever connection to the grid G.

During power interruption of the grid G, the first ESS 360 may switch tothe CVCF mode within 10 ms, and may then stably supply power to thefirst load 350 (i.e., uninterrupted independent operation of the firstESS 360)

In this case, a circuit breaker 321 installed in the grid G may alsosever connection to the grid G.

Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 3, 7, and 8, when the first ESS 360independently supplies power to the first load 350 by switching to theCVCF mode, the first EMS 310 may operate the emergency generator 330,and the emergency generator 330 driven by the first EMS 310 may supplypower to the first load 350.

In this case, although the circuit breaker 322 installed in theemergency generator 330 activates connection to the emergency generator330, connection between the emergency generator 330 and the first load350 may be cut off by the STS 324. As a result, the emergency generator330 may be driven with no load.

When the STS 324 detects power supplied from the emergency generator330, the STS 324 may supply a first notification message to the firstESS 360. When the first ESS 360 receives the first notification messagefrom the STS 324, the first ESS 360 may perform a first synchronizationalgorithm.

For reference, the first synchronization algorithm may be an algorithmfor synchronizing a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the firstESS 360 with a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the emergencygenerator 330.

When the first synchronization algorithm of the first ESS 360 isperformed, the STS 342 may release disconnection to the grid G, theemergency generator 330 may be driven in a frequency following mode, andthe first ESS 360 may be re-driven in the constant-power mode.

Therefore, the first load 350 may stably receive power from theemergency generator 330 and the first ESS 360 until reaching powerrecovery of the grid G.

Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 3, 9, 10 and 11, the first EMS 310 maystop operation of the emergency generator 330 during power recovery ofthe grid G.

In this case, the circuit breaker 322 installed in the emergencygenerator 330 may sever connection to the emergency generator 330.

The STS 324 may detect stoppage of the emergency generator 330, maysupply a second notification message to the first ESS 360, and may severconnection to the grid G.

Upon receiving the second notification message from the STS 324, thefirst ESS 360 may switch from the constant-power mode to the CVCF mode,such that the first ESS 360 may independently supply power to the firstload 350.

If the circuit breaker 321 mounted to the grid G is reactivated andpower is supplied from the grid G to the first load 350, the STS 324 maydetect the power supplied from the grid G and thus supply a thirdnotification message to the first ESS 360.

Upon receiving the third notification message from the STS 324, thefirst ESS 360 may perform a second synchronization algorithm. If thefirst ESS 360 performs the second synchronization algorithm, the STS 324may again release disconnection to the grid G.

In this case, the second synchronization algorithm may be an algorithmfor synchronizing a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the firstESS 360 with a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the grid G.

Since the STS 324 again releases disconnection to the grid G, the firstmicrogrid cell 300 may be normally recovered to a previous state thathas existed prior to power interruption of the grid G.

Through the above-mentioned process, during power interruption of thegrid G, the first microgrid cell 300 may be driven in an independentoperation mode.

The independent operation mode of the first microgrid cell 300 mayimplement uninterrupted independent operation using a low-capacitybattery (i.e., battery 366 included in the first ESS 360), resulting inreduction of production costs. In addition, the independent operationmode of the first microgrid cell 300 may be driven independently for along period of time (e.g., at least 4 hours) through parallel operationof the emergency generator 330 and the first ESS 360.

A method for independently operating the first microgrid cell shown inFIG. 3 during power interruption of the grid will hereinafter bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 12 to 21.

FIGS. 12 to 21 are schematic diagrams illustrating other examples of amethod for independently operating the first microgrid cell shown inFIG. 3 during power interruption of the grid.

For reference, for convenience of description and better understandingof the present disclosure, some constituent elements not shown in FIG. 3may be added to the first microgrid cell 300 of FIGS. 12 to 21, or someconstituent elements shown in FIG. 3 will herein be omitted from thefirst microgrid cell 300 shown in FIGS. 12 to 21.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 12, 13 and 14, during power interruption of thegrid G, the static transfer switch (STS) may detect power interruptionof the grid (G) so as to sever connection to the grid G, the first ESS360 may switch from a constant-power mode to a Constant Voltage ConstantFrequency (CVCF) mode, and may thus independently supply power to thefirst load 350.

In more detail, the STS 324 may open or close connection between thegrid G and the first ESS 360 or may open or close connection between thegrid G and the first load 350.

For example, the STS 324 may detect power interruption of the grid Gwithin a given time of 4 ms during power interruption of the grid G,such that the STS 324 may sever connection to the grid G.

During power interruption of the grid G, the first ESS 360 may switch tothe CVCF mode within 10 ms, and may then stably supply power to thefirst load 350 (i.e., uninterrupted independent operation of the firstESS 360).

In this case, the circuit breaker 321 installed in the grid G may alsosever connection to the grid G.

Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 3, 15, 16 and 17, when the first ESS360 independently supplies power to the first load 350 by switching tothe CVCF mode, the first EMS 310 may operate the emergency generator330.

If the emergency generator 330 is driven, a closed transition transferswitch (CTTS) may sever connection between the emergency generator 330and the grid G, and at the same time may connect the emergency generator330 to the STS 324, such that the emergency generator 330 may supplypower to the first load 350.

In more detail, the CTTS 326 may open or close connection between thegrid G and the STS 324, and may open or close connection between thegrid G and the emergency generator 330. That is, the CTTS 326 mayperform switching from the grid G to the emergency generator 330 withoutpower interruption, or may perform switching from the emergencygenerator 330 to the grid G without power interruption.

In this case, whereas the circuit breaker 322 mounted to the emergencygenerator 330 activates connection to the emergency generator 330,connection between the emergency generator 330 and the first load 350may be cut off by the STS 342. As a result, the emergency generator 330may be driven with no load.

When the STS 324 detects power supplied from the emergency generator330, the STS 324 may supply a first notification message to the firstESS 360. When the first ESS 360 receives the first notification messagefrom the STS 324, the first ESS 360 may perform a first synchronizationalgorithm.

For reference, the first synchronization algorithm may be an algorithmfor synchronizing a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the firstESS 360 with a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the emergencygenerator 330.

When the first synchronization algorithm of the first ESS 360 isperformed, the STS 342 may release disconnection to the grid G, theemergency generator 330 may be driven in a frequency following mode, andthe first ESS 360 may be re-driven in the constant-power mode.

Therefore, the first load 350 may stably receive power from theemergency generator 330 and the first ESS 360 until reaching powerrecovery of the grid G.

Subsequently, referring to FIGS. 3, 18 and 19, the circuit breaker 321mounted to the grid G may be activated during power recovery of the gridG.

During power recovery of the grid G, the first EMS 310 may stopoperation of the emergency generator 330, and the CTTS 326 may severconnection between the emergency generator 330 and the STS 324 bydetecting stoppage of the emergency generator 330, resulting inconnection between the STS 324 and the grid G.

In this case, the circuit breaker 322 mounted to the emergency generator330 may sever connection to the emergency generator 330.

If the STS 324 is connected to the grid G, the CTTS 326 may perform theCTTS-based synchronization algorithm, such that the CTTS 326 maysynchronize power supplied from the grid G with power of the first ESS360.

In this case, the CTTS-based synchronization algorithm may be analgorithm for synchronizing a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle ofthe first ESS 360 with a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of thegrid G.

Since the STS 324 is connected to the grid G and power supplied from thegrid G is synchronized with power of the first ESS 360, the firstmicrogrid cell 300 may be normally recovered to a previous state thathas existed prior to power interruption of the grid G.

In contrast, referring to FIGS. 3, 18, 20 and 21, the first microgridcell 300 may be re-associated with the grid G through other processesdifferent from those of FIGS. 18 and 19.

In more detail, during power recovery of the grid G, the circuit breaker321 mounted to the grid G may be activated.

The first EMS 310 may stop operation of the emergency generator 330, theSTS 324 may detect stoppage of the emergency generator 330, may supply asecond notification message to the first ESS 360 and may again severconnection to the grid G.

In this case, when the emergency generator 330 stops operation, thecircuit breaker 322 mounted to the emergency generator 330 may severconnection to the emergency generator 330.

Upon receiving the second notification message from the STS 324, thefirst ESS 360 may switch from the constant-power mode to the CVCF mode,such that the first ESS 360 may independently supply power to the firstload 350.

In this case, when the first ESS 360 switches to the CVCF mode, the CTTS326 may sever connection between the emergency generator 330 and the STS324 and at the same time may connect the STS 324 to the grid G.

When power is supplied from the grid G to the first load 350, the STS324 may detect the power supplied from the grid G and thus supply athird notification message to the first ESS 360. Upon receiving thethird notification message from the STS 324, the first ESS 360 mayperform the second synchronization algorithm.

When the first ESS 360 performs the first synchronization algorithm, theSTS 342 may again release disconnection to the grid G. Thereafter, whendisconnection to the grid G is released again, the first ESS 360 mayagain switch from the CVCF mode to the constant-power mode.

For reference, the second synchronization algorithm may be an algorithmfor synchronizing a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the firstESS 360 with a frequency, a voltage, and a phase angle of the grid G.

Since the STS 324 again releases disconnection to the grid G, the firstmicrogrid cell 300 may be normally recovered to a previous state thathas existed prior to power interruption of the grid G.

A method for controlling optimum power generation of the hierarchicalpower control system shown in FIG. 1 will hereinafter be described withreference to FIG. 22.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling optimumpower generation of the hierarchical power control system shown in FIG.1.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 3 and 22, the integrated control system 100 mayreceive power supply-demand state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells (S100).

In more detail, the integrated control system 100 may receive the powersupply-demand state information of the first to third microgrid cells(300, 400, 500) through the middleware server 200.

For example, the power supply-demand state information may include firstpower supply-demand state information received from the first EMS 310and second power supply-demand state information received from thesecond EMS 410.

The first power supply-demand state information may include, forexample, at least one of power amount information producible in thefirst microgrid cell 300, necessary power amount information of thefirst microgrid cell 300, and operation schedule information of thefirst ESS 360. The second power supply-demand state information mayinclude, for example, at least one of power amount informationproducible in the second microgrid cell 400, necessary power amountinformation of the second microgrid cell 400, and operation scheduleinformation of the second ESS 460.

The power supply-demand state information may further include thirdpower supply-demand state information supplied from the third sensor520, because the third microgrid cell 500 does not include thedistributed power system, the ESS, the EMS, etc. as described above.

In this case, the third power supply-demand state information mayinclude, for example, power amount information needed for the thirdmicrogrid cell 500.

Upon receiving the power supply-demand state information of the first tothird microgrid cells (S100), the integrated control system 100 mayestablish the integrated operation schedule (S200).

In more detail, the integrated control system 100 may establish theintegrated operation schedule based on the power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500).

When the integrated control system 100 establishes the integratedoperation schedule, the integrated control system 100 may performmodeling of the distributed power systems, the loads, and the ESSspresent in the respective microgrid cells into a single distributedpower system, a single load, and a single ESS.

For example, the integrated control system 100 may perform modeling ofthe first distributed power system 395 of the first microgrid cell 300and the second distributed power system of the second microgrid cell 400into a single distributed power system, and may perform modeling of thefirst ESS 360 of the first microgrid cell 300 and the second ESS 460 ofthe second microgrid cell 400 into a single ESS. In addition, theintegrated control system 100 may perform modeling of the first to thirdloads (350, 450, 550) into a single load.

As described above, the integrated control system 100 may performmodeling of the distributed power systems, the loads, and the ESSspresent in the respective microgrid cells into a single distributedpower system, a single load, and a single ESS, such that the integratedcontrol system 100 may establish the integrated operation schedule fromall points of view.

For example, when a target peak control time of the first microgrid cell300 is in the range from 12:00 to 13:00 o'clock and a target peakcontrol time of the second microgrid cell 400 is in the range from 14:00to 15:00 o'clock, the integrated control system 100 may synthesize thetarget peak control times of the respective microgrid cells (300, 400),and may select an optimum target peak control time (e.g., the range of13:00 to 14:00 o'clock) from all points of view.

However, if the integrated control system 100 does not receive powersupply-demand state information of the first to third microgrid cells(300, 400, 500) due to a communication problem between the middlewareserver 200 and the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500), theintegrated control system 100 may estimate the operation schedules ofthe first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500) based on the analysisresult received from the middleware server 200.

In this case, the analysis result may be acquired when the cloud server600 synthesizes power states of the first to third loads (350, 450, 550)received from the first to third sensors (320, 420, 520) and at leastone of climate data and power associated data received from the externalpart and analyzes the synthesized result.

For reference, although the integrated control system 100 establishesthe integrated operation schedule based on the power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500), theintegrated control system 100 may establish the integrated operationschedule only for the first and second microgrid cells (300, 400) basedon only the power supply-demand state information of the first andsecond microgrid cells (300, 400) according to situations.

Differently from the first and second loads (350, 450) respectivelyincluded in the first and second microgrid cells (300, 400), the thirdload 550 included in the third microgrid cell 500 is a general loadunrelated to the distributed power system and aims to provide theanalysis-based energy saving service through the third sensor 520, suchthat the integrated control system 100 can establish the above-mentionedintegrated operation schedule.

If the integrated operation schedule is established (S200), theintegrated control system 100 may supply the integrated operationschedule to the first and second microgrid cells (300, 400) (S300).

In more detail, the integrated control system 100 may supply theintegrated operation schedule to the first EMS 310 and the second EMS410 through the middleware server 200.

Of course, the integrated control system 100 may supply the integratedoperation schedule to the third microgrid cell 500 through themiddleware server 200.

However, as described above, the EMS, the ESS, and the distributed powerare not present in the third microgrid cell 500, such that theintegrated control system 100 may not supply the integrated operationschedule to the third microgrid cell 500.

If the integrated operation schedule is supplied to the first and secondmicrogrid cells (S300), the power supply-demand schedules of the firstand second microgrid cells (300, 400) may be coordinated (S400).

In more detail, the first EMS 310 may coordinate the power supply-demandschedule of the first microgrid cell 300 based on the integratedoperation schedule received from the middleware server 200. The secondEMS 410 may coordinate the power supply-demand schedule of the secondmicrogrid cell 400 based on the integrated operation schedule receivedfrom the middleware server 200.

Through the above-mentioned processes, the hierarchical power controlsystem 1 may also perform the optimum power generation control method.

Of course, the integrated operation schedule may also be coordinatedthrough the following processes.

In more detail, the integrated control system 100 may coordinate theintegrated operation schedule based on either the analysis resultreceived from the middleware server 200 or realtime power stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500).

Upon receiving power states of the first to third loads (350, 450, 550)from the first to third sensors (320, 420, 520), the cloud server 600may supply the received power states of the first to third loads (350,450, 550) to the middleware server 200. Upon receiving power states ofthe first to third loads (350, 450, 550) from the cloud server 600, themiddleware server 200 may supply the received power states of the firstto third loads (350, 450, 550) to the integrated control system 100.

Therefore, upon receiving the power states of the first to third loads(350, 450, 550) from the middleware server 200, the integrated controlsystem 100 may compare the received power states of the first to thirdloads (350, 450, 550) with the integrated operation schedule, and maycoordinate the integrated operation schedule based on the result ofcomparison.

As described above, the present disclosure can synthetically andefficiently control the power supply-demand states of neighbor microgridcells through the integrated control system 100 that establishes theoptimum integrated operation schedule based on the power supply-demandstates of the first to third microgrid cells (300, 400, 500).

As is apparent from the above description, the hierarchical powercontrol system according to the embodiments of the present disclosurecan efficiently integrated-control power supply-demand states ofneighbor microgrid cells through an integrated control system forestablishing an optimum integrated operation schedule based on the powersupply-demand states of first to third microgrid cells.

The present disclosure described above may be variously substituted,altered, and modified by those skilled in the art to which the presentinvention pertains without departing from the scope and sprit of thepresent disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited tothe above-mentioned exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

What is claimed is:
 1. A hierarchical power control system associatedwith a cloud server, comprising: a first microgrid cell configured toinclude a first energy storage system (ESS) having an uninterruptiblepower supply (UPS) structure and a first load having a power statemanaged by the first energy storage system (ESS); a second microgridcell configured to include a second load and a second energy storagesystem (ESS) for managing a power state of the second load; a thirdmicrogrid cell including a third load; a middleware server configured tocommunicate with the first to third microgrid cells; and an integratedcontrol system configured to receive power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells through the middlewareserver, and establish an integrated operation schedule based on thereceived power supply-demand state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells.
 2. The hierarchical power control system of claim 1,wherein: the first microgrid cell further includes a first sensor fordetecting a power state of the first load, the second microgrid cellfurther includes a second sensor for detecting a power state of thesecond load, and the third microgrid cell further includes a thirdsensor for detecting a power state of the third load, wherein the firstto third sensors respectively detect the power states of the first tothird loads, and transmit the detected power states to the cloud server.3. The hierarchical power control system of claim 2, wherein: the cloudserver receives at least one of climate data and power associated datafrom an external part, synthetically analyzes not only the power statesof the first to third loads, received from the first to third sensors,but also at least one of the climate data and power associated datareceived from the external part, and supplies the analyzed result to themiddleware server.
 4. The hierarchical power control system of claim 3,wherein: the middleware server supplies the received analyzed result tothe integrated control system; and the integrated control systemestimates respective operation schedules of the first to third microgridcells based on the analyzed result received from the middleware server.5. The hierarchical power control system of claim 3, wherein: themiddleware server supplies the received analyzed result to theintegrated control system, and the integrated control system estimatesan integrated operation schedule of at least two microgrid cells fromamong the first to third microgrid cells based on the analyzed resultreceived from the middleware server.
 6. The hierarchical power controlsystem of claim 2, wherein: the cloud server supplies the power statesof the first to third loads, received from the first to third sensors,to the middleware server, the middleware server supplies the powerstates of the first to third loads, received from the cloud server, tothe integrated control system, and the integrated control systemcompares the power states of the first to third loads, received from themiddleware server, with the integrated operation schedule, andcoordinates the integrated operation schedule based on the result ofcomparison.
 7. The hierarchical power control system of claim 1,wherein: the first microgrid cell further includes an emergencygenerator, a building associated power system having a first distributedpower system, and a first energy management system (EMS) for controllingthe emergency generator, the building associated power system, and thefirst energy storage system (ESS); and the second microgrid cell furtherincludes not only a second distributed power system driven associatedwith the second energy storage system (ESS), but also a second energymanagement system (EMS) for controlling the second energy storage system(ESS) and the second distributed power system.
 8. The hierarchical powercontrol system of claim 7, wherein the building associated power systemfurther comprises: a building energy management system (BEMS); a panelboard configured to communicate with the building energy managementsystem (BEMS); a building automation system (BAS) configured tocommunicate with the building energy management system (BEMS); acooling/heating system connected to the building automation system(BAS); a first distributed power system connected to the buildingautomation system (BAS); and a third energy storage system (ESS)connected to the building automation system (BAS), wherein the buildingenergy management system (BEMS) reduces a peak load by controlling atleast one of the cooling/heating system, the first distributed powersystem, and the third energy storage system (ESS) through the buildingautomation system (BAS).
 9. The hierarchical power control system ofclaim 7, wherein: the integrated control system receives the powersupply-demand state information through the middleware server, the powersupply-demand state information receives first power supply-demand stateinformation received from the first energy management system (EMS) andsecond power supply-demand state information received from the secondenergy management system (EMS), the first power supply-demand stateinformation includes at least one of power amount information produciblein the first microgrid cell, necessary power amount information of thefirst microgrid cell, and operation schedule information of the firstenergy storage system (ESS), and the second power supply-demand stateinformation includes at least one of power amount information produciblein the second microgrid cell, necessary power amount information of thesecond microgrid cell, and operation schedule information of the secondenergy storage system (ESS).
 10. The hierarchical power control systemof claim 9, wherein: the integrated control system supplies theintegrated operation schedule to the first and second energy managementsystems (EMS s) through the middleware server, the first energymanagement system (EMS) coordinates a power supply-demand schedule ofthe first microgrid cell based on the integrated operation schedulereceived through the middleware server, and the second energy managementsystem (EMS) coordinates a power supply-demand schedule of the secondmicrogrid cell based on the integrated operation schedule receivedthrough the middleware server.
 11. A hierarchical power control systemassociated with a cloud server, comprising: a first microgrid cellconfigured to include an emergency generator by which connection to agrid is opened or closed through a closed transition transfer switch(CTTS), a first energy storage system (ESS) driven associated with theemergency generator, and a first load having a power state managed bythe first energy storage system (ESS); a second microgrid cellconfigured to include a second load and a second energy storage system(ESS) for managing a power state of the second load; a third microgridcell including a third load; a middleware server configured tocommunicate with the first to third microgrid cells; and an integratedcontrol system configured to receive power supply-demand stateinformation of the first to third microgrid cells through the middlewareserver, and establish an integrated operation schedule based on thereceived power supply-demand state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells.
 12. The hierarchical power control system of claim 11,wherein: the first microgrid cell further includes not only a buildingassociated power system having a first distributed power system, butalso a first energy management system (EMS) for controlling theemergency generator, the building associated power system, and the firstenergy storage system (ESS); and the second microgrid cell furtherincludes not only a second distributed power system driven associatedwith the second energy storage system (ESS), but also a second energymanagement system (EMS) for controlling the second energy storage system(ESS) and the second distributed power system.
 13. The hierarchicalpower control system of claim 12, wherein: the integrated control systemreceives the power supply-demand state information through themiddleware server, the power supply-demand state information receivesfirst power supply-demand state information received from the firstenergy management system (EMS) and second power supply-demand stateinformation received from the second energy management system (EMS), thefirst power supply-demand state information includes at least one ofpower amount information producible in the first microgrid cell,necessary power amount information of the first microgrid cell, andoperation schedule information of the first energy storage system (ESS),and the second power supply-demand state information includes at leastone of power amount information producible in the second microgrid cell,necessary power amount information of the second microgrid cell, andoperation schedule information of the second energy storage system(ESS).
 14. The hierarchical power control system of claim 13, wherein:the integrated control system supplies the integrated operation scheduleto the first and second energy management systems (EMSs) through themiddleware server, the first energy management system (EMS) coordinatesa power supply-demand schedule of the first microgrid cell based on theintegrated operation schedule received through the middleware server,and the second energy management system (EMS) coordinates a powersupply-demand schedule of the second microgrid cell based on theintegrated operation schedule received through the middleware server.15. A hierarchical power control system associated with a cloud server,comprising: a first microgrid cell configured to include a first energystorage system (ESS) having an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)structure and a first load having a power state managed by the firstenergy storage system (ESS); a second microgrid cell configured toinclude a second load and a second energy storage system (ESS) formanaging a power state of the second load; a third microgrid cellincluding a third load; an integrated control system configured toreceive power supply-demand state information of the first to thirdmicrogrid cells from the first to third microgrid cells, and establishan integrated operation schedule based on the received powersupply-demand state information of the first to third microgrid cells.16. The hierarchical power control system of claim 15, wherein: thefirst microgrid cell further includes an emergency generator, a buildingassociated power system having a first distributed power system, and afirst energy management system (EMS) for controlling the emergencygenerator, the building associated power system, and the first energystorage system (ESS); and the second microgrid cell further includes notonly a second distributed power system driven associated with the secondenergy storage system (ESS), but also a second energy management system(EMS) for controlling the second energy storage system (ESS) and thesecond distributed power system.